The development of ceramic ware in Japan and the history of firing temperature measurement are explained. Ceramic ware has been developed by improving kilns and discovering high quality raw materials. Until the Edo period, temperature measurement had been judged by the color of the flame, the smoke from the kiln and the samples taken out from it. Since the Meiji era, temperature measuring methods such as Seger cone and thermocouple have been introduced. The thermal analyses such as DTA, TG and dilatometry, which are used for the identification of clay minerals and so on are also described in this article.