Roller compaction tests have been carried out to investigate the reliability of the roller response method for the quality control of soil compaction. In the tests, the acceleration of a vibratory roller has been measured for various conditions of the ground, such as types of soil, density and water content. The results of tests made it clear that it is generally difficult to evaluate the density of the compacted soil uniquely from the roller response because it is much affected by the type and water content of soil. The tests results also indicated that the possibility of the roller response method for evaluating the stiffness of the compacted soil uniquely. The application of the method to construction in soil compaction was discussed with knowledge obtained through the tests.