This paper deals with a nondestructive structural evaluation system for airport asphalt pavements with FWD (Falling Weight Deflectometer). The system was developed in accordance with the current airport asphalt pavement structural design method to be closely related with the overlay design method, and consists of two major parts; deflection-based preliminary evaluation and strain-based intimate evaluation. The former uses the maximum deflection and the latter uses the strains in asphalt concrete layer and subgrade. The validity of the system was confirmed through the actual structural survey of various experimental pavements and airport pavements in service.