In this paper, the evaluation method for multiple damage states of bridge structure due to strong earthquake is proposed. Then, the bridge structures are divided into each structural element (upper structure, bearing, pier, foundation, etc) from a systematic point of view, and the probability of multiple damage states of structural elements are evaluated by Marcov chain model based on a damage probability matrix which can include damage interaction between the elements. In addition, the damage state obtained from this estimation method and the damage statistics by the Hyogoken Nanbu earthquake are compared and verified. The probability of multi damage states for the bridges with countermeasures against earthquakes such as reinforcement and base isolation is calculated, and improvement in earthquake resistance of these bridges is estimated quantitatively.