The Defense Agency has a large number of airfield concrete pavements that are approaching the ent of their service lives. As a result, the maintenance required to keep these pavements in service is steadily increasing and it is very important to quantify the deterioration of pavement. In this paper, an equation for deterioration evaluation of airfield concrete pavement by surface conditions was developed. The value obtained from the developed equation was called Pavement Deterioration Index (PDI). The accuracy of PDI method was examined by the past data of surface condition survey that carried out when the pavement was rehabilitated and it is shown that PDI method can be used for the deterioration evaluation of airfield concrete pavement.