Abstract
Protection of vulnerable road users (VRUs) is a key focus. FMVSS111 required all vehicles to have a rearview camera installed in the US. New UN Regulation on visibility and detection of VRUs is developing in the Informal Working Group on Awareness of VRUs during Lowspeed Maneuvers. Many referenced studies investigated in nose-in situations although reverse parking is more common in Japan. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a rearview camera, a parking sensor and both a sensor and a camera system. The results indicated the three systems were effective in preventing collision with a moving child-size object when reverse parking.