Needless to say there are many types of hot springs utilized all over the world. This paper pays attention to the hot springs of importance for the maintenance of people’s health since the Edo era (the 17-19th century AD) in Beppu, Oita Prefecture, Japan. Based on documents during the Edo era, it is thought that people in those days made the best of the spas in Beppu for the prevention and treatment of parasitic, infectious and cutaneous diseases as well as cleansing and relaxation of their body. The hot spring water in the sea side areas such as Hamawaki spa area was expected to be useful not only for their daily bathing but also for the care of ocular diseases. On the other hand, the spas in the mountainous areas such as Myoban area in Beppu City, with high concentrations of sulfur, were utilized for the treatment of cutaneous and infectious diseases. Vegetables soaked in the springs in Myoban and Kannawa areas far from the sea area or those treated with the hot spring steam there are expected to be free from infectious agents. It is presumed that the boiling water would result in the sterilization and disinfection of parasitic eggs and larvae on them. This kind of preventive way is probably found at other hot spa sites in and out of Japan.