Health promotion in later life has now been one of the most important issues of the health policy in our country, where approximately 29% of the Japanese population will be 65 years or older by the year 2025. It is, however, expected to be a preferable scenario, if the onset of disabilities would be also delayed along with longevity. Therefore, health promotion in the elderly must be an important preventive strategy, where the most suitable geriatric assessment has to be performed timely and effectively to the most appropriate elder persons, its effectiveness has to be scientifically proved as medical evidence and its cost/effective ratio has also to be reasonably demonstrated. Although there has no definite evidence showing that the adequate education to improve lifestyle based on the adequate health evaluation leads to the risk reduction or improvement of morbidity or mortality, effectiveness of preventive intervention seems to be promising, if one sees preliminary reports of Medicare's Healthy Aging Initiative in the USA specified with preventive benefits and reduced behavioral risk factors, such as smoking, falls and physical activity. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) characterized by holistic health evaluation associated with inter-professional team care was initially developed in England and its usefulness has long been emphasized with regard to evaluation of the necessity of assisting patients and decision of necessary care plans. It is, however, the most useful to the frail elderly for prevention of fall, declining memory function, institutionalization, utilization of medical resources, and increase of sense of wellness and life satisfaction. Since studies concerning cost/ effectiveness on CGA have been extremely rare, the further research is remained to be mandatory under the defined minimum specification of CGA including subjects treated, well accepted type of CGA, standardized styles of geriatric intervention and inter-professional team approach, at least.