“Health and Productivity Management” is a topic that on have recently been often organized in magazines like a boom and it is the trigger when the Second Abe Cabinet took up “nation’s extension of the healthy life expectancy” as one of the main themes in Japan Revitalization Strategy. The government, mainly Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industries and Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, are promoting several related programs, such as the selecting one leading company in each industry in stock exchanges, certifying excellent companies and so on. The value of companies engaging in health management of employees is to improve productivity through their health. The necessary elements for the effective practices are i) Management Policy, ii) Organizational Structure, iii) Health Care Programs, iv) Evaluation and Improvement. In addition, v) Compliance and Risk Management is essential as the foundation. There are two types of programs, risk management and support/promotion in “Health Care Programs” among the elements. In order to achieve results in health and productivity management, it is necessary to evaluate the return of the employee’s investment and to improve the programs continuously. There are a number of issues to establish the concept as the culture in Japanese society and achieve results. They are classified into three aspects, that from program delivery, that from practice and evaluation, that from system. It can be said that health and productivity management is an initiative that leads to sustainability of the company through sustainability of each employee and further leads to sustainability of Japanese society.