The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept and educational theory of food citizenship by organizing the definitions and concepts of previous studies of food citizenship within the theoretical framework of citizenship education from a human rights perspective.

  Based on this analysis, the study presented the following definition of food citizenship: “Food Citizenship is the right and responsibility of individuals to create sustainable food systems, from production to consumption, by understanding and acting on the principle that by making safe and nutritionally appropriate food choices, they can live in harmony with nature, secure their own lives, health and freedom, and secure equality and fairness in solidarity with others, communities and society.” Food citizenship practices contribute to shaping national and global culture, education, society, economics and politics to create a sustainable environment.

  Food education as ESD, based on the concept and educational theories of food citizenship, involves learning to think about and practice one's own rights, responsibilities, and obligations from the perspective of human rights across the stages of production, processing, distribution, consumption (cooking and eating), and disposal in dietary habits. This is considered human rights education that could be practiced with a real sense of responsibility, and education that would foster the ability to create a democratic, socially and economically just, and environmentally sustainable society.