2024 Volume 10 Issue 57 Pages 2154-2158
Earthquake-induced soil liquefaction can lead to significant structural damage, due to excessive foundation settlement and rotation. The numerical modelling of this phenomenon is challenging, demanding both an advanced constitutive model and a hydro-mechanically coupled calculation. The PM4sand constitutive model can be calibrated in a straight-forward manner, and has been shown to reasonably approximate complex soil response. The model is currently available in both the commercial numerical analysis codes FLAC 2D and PLAXIS 2D. While FLAC 2D offers the possibility of a fully-coupled dynamic analysis, PLAXIS 2D recently released a ‘‘quasi’’ coupled hydro-mechanical calculation. Aiming to assess their reliability and robustness, the two numerical analysis codes are comparatively assessed by simulating published plane strain centrifuge model tests (conducted at the University of Cambridge) of a SDOF structure resting on a liquefiable layer of loose Hostun sand. PM4sand has been calibrated against element tests on Hostun sand conducted at the laboratory of the Institute for Geotechnical Engineering (IGT) of ETH Zurich. The numerical models are assessed based on their ability to capture the excess pore-water pressures, the accelerations within the soil, and the rotation-displacement response recorded during the centrifuge model tests.