There is a well-known phenomenon in tree crops known as “biennial bearing,” in which the fruit-bearing increases or decreases every other year. Synchronization of biennial bearing has been more prevalent in olives of the Eastern Mediterranean region, which includes Jordan and Syria, rather than fluctuations associated with rainfall and other climatic conditions. This synchronization phenomenon is thought to have been accepted in the region since the time of ancient civilizations, but modern science has not been able to elucidate its mechanism. On the other hand, the biennial bearing and synchronization phenomena have significantly been disrupted since the beginning of the 21st century. The disappearance of biennial bearing and the reversal of synchronization can be observed since 2008 in Syria and 2015 in Jordan. These periods coincide with when the problems of refugee inflows into Syria due to the Iraq War and into Jordan due to the Syrian Civil War became apparent, respectively. Therefore, this study examines the hypothesis that social, political, and economic factors, which have been neglected in agronomy, have substantially influenced those phenomena in olive production. Field surveys and experiments are conducted in the Irbid governorate of Jordan, where olive production is the most dominant agricultural activity, with significant labor and consumer population inflows from the bordering parts of Syria.