Many APEC Asian economies are decreasing their grain self sufficiencies and increasing their dependencies on the world grain market. But, a basic trend in the world grain market has changed to a tighter market situation since the middle of the 1990s. With declining US government grain stocks, we can't expect the US to play the single major role in stabilizing the world grain market as it did before. With increasing global air temperature, grain yield variabilities in major exporting countries, such as US and Australia, are increasing. These recent trends are predicted to cause the world grain market to become more unstable. Under these conditions, we should realize a sustainable rural development in both exporting and importing countries in the APEC area through conserving and reallocating rural resources from a perspective of world food security.