This paper traces the making of the resort landscape via the example of KARUIZAWA. KARUIZAWA comprised the residential land along Nakasendo, the fields behind the residential land and the grassland behind the fields at the beginning of the Meiji era. The plantation development by the Japanese entrepreneur and the cottage development by the Western missionary began at the same time from the middle part of the Meiji era. Since these two different developments have mixed, the characteristic resort landscape of KARUIZAWA consisting of trees and cottages was formed.