"The Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (1954)" is the first of the UNESCO conventions in the field of the protection of the cultural properties. Japan signed the convention in 1954, and prepared National Acts in 1955 and 1958. The basic principle of the convention was introduced into these bills. Japanese specialists proposed original method about special protection and simulated Horyuji-temple as a special protection area. But Japan could not ratify the convention because there was no international common agreement about "adequate distance" of the special protection.